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Objective@#This study involved a meta-analysis of South Korean studies regarding psychosocial interventions for patients with breast cancer to provide basic data to support the development of an integrated healthcare service model. @*Methods@#Randomized controlled studies with a pretest-posttest design were selected, and those presenting means, standard deviations, and standardized mean differences were included. For quality evaluation and heterogeneity testing, the Jadad scale and the Q-value and I 2 were used. To estimate the effect size of each study, Hedge’s g was used. Publication bias was analyzed with the Funnel plot and Egger’s regression test. @*Results@#Of the 28 studies selected for the, meta-analysis was performed on eight. The total number of datasets included in the meta-analysis was 33. The evaluation based on the Jadad scale revealed no significant inter-rater variation (p = 0.35). The mean number of sessions was 7.93 and the mean intervention time was 13.2 hours. The interventions were mostly administered in a group structure (94%) and, regarding the type, they were categorized as integrated (36.4%), cognitive (30.3%), and meditation (24.2%). The mean effect size was 1.21 against no treatment group. @*Conclusion@#The analyzed studies showed heterogeneity, with a corresponding asymmetry found on the Funnel plot. Despite the heterogeneity and publication bias, the mean effect size was significantly large. Cognitive interventions, meditation, and psychological education programs are expected to assist in reducing negative emotions and enhancing quality of life in patients with breast cancer.
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Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder, and prompt screening and treatment initiation can prevent developmental delay and growth failure.Current Concepts: The thyroid is the first endocrine gland to develop during embryogenesis. Regulation of thyroid function requires normal development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, which occurs during the embryonal and neonatal periods. Defects in any of the steps involved in development and differentiation of the gland and regulation of thyroid function lead to permanent congenital hypothyroidism. Neonatal screening test programs to detect congenital hypothyroidism, which are established in 1/3 of the countries worldwide, are cost-effective with high sensitivity and specificity. Advances in molecular testing have expanded knowledge and understanding of thyroid development and function. Prompt initiation of an accurate dose of sodium levothyroxine is recommended. Frequent follow-up, including laboratory test evaluation and dose adjustments are important to maintain thyroid hormone levels within their target ranges.Discussion and Conclusion: A well-established system of newborn screening and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism is useful for management of term infants without other risk factors for this disorder. However, increasing knowledge regarding the role of genetic causes and new criteria for screening and treatment of neonates in special conditions is emerging in clinical practice.
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Purpose@#To compare the effectiveness of warm saline and anti-fog solution for preventing fogging of a non-contact wide-field viewing system during vitrectomy. @*Methods@#Five liters of water at 36°C were placed in a transparent container. The fogging areas of wide-field lenses were microscopically measured. We created three groups: lenses soaked in normal saline at 25°C for 1 minute (control), lenses soaked in normal saline at 50°C for 1 minute (warm saline), and lenses that were wiped with a sponge soaked in anti-fog solution (ULTRASTOP pro med. Solution, Sigmapharm, Vienna, Austria) after prior soaking in normal saline at 25°C for 1 minute (anti-fog). Images of fogged areas were acquired at 10 seconds and 1, 3, and 5 minutes. Extent of fogged areas and central lens invasion were determined. All experiments were repeated 10 times. @*Results@#In the control group, the entire areas were always completely fogged. The average fog coverage values were 4.34 ± 1.28, 6.30 ± 1.38, 56.00 ± 25.01, and 93.81 ± 5.88% at 10 seconds and 1, 3, and 5 minutes in the warm saline group and 4.74 ± 0.57, 7.35 ± 0.96, 10.13 ± 1.09, and 11.74 ± 1.74% in the anti-fog group, respectively. There were significant differences at 3 and 5 minutes (p = 0.029, p = 0.012). Fogging of the central lens was detected in 8 tests after 3 minutes and all 10 tests after 5 minutes in the warm saline group, but no fogging was detected in the anti-fog group. @*Conclusions@#Application of an anti-fog solution to a wide-field viewing lens prevents lens fogging during vitrectomy.
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Purpose@#To compare the safety and consistency of manual capsulorhexis and precision pulse capsulotomy performed using pulsed energy during bilateral cataract surgery and to explore the differences in clinical outcomes. @*Methods@#A total of 101 patients with bilateral cataracts were selected. Precision pulse capsulotomy was performed on one eye and manual continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis on the other. The independent-samples t-test was used to compare the duration of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, incisional size and roundness, complications such as radial tears, the cumulative dissipated energy, the visual acuity after surgery, and the corneal epithelial cell count. @*Results@#There was no significant difference in the capsulorhexis time between the pulse energy and manual groups. The extent of capsulorhexis was significantly smaller and the circularity of capsulorhexis was higher in the former group. Complications occurred in two manual capsulorhexis patients but in no pulse energy capsulotomy patient. There was no significant between- group difference in any of postoperative visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, or the corneal endothelial cell count. @*Conclusions@#During bilateral cataract surgery on the same patients, precision capsulotomy using pulse energy afforded smaller and more circular capsulorhexis and fewer complications than did manual capsulorhexis. However, there was no significant between- group difference in the postoperative clinical outcomes.
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Purpose@#We report a case of retinopathy related to bilateral hyperviscosity syndrome in a patient with Waldenström macroglobulinemia.Case summary: A 77-year-old male presented with reduced visual acuities of both eyes 2 months in duration. Fundus examination revealed extensive flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages and venous congestion. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) evidenced macular edema and OCT angiography (OCTA) indicated damage to the superficial and deep capillary plexi of retina and choriocapillaris and dilated large choroidal vessels. We diagnosed central retinal vein occlusion with macular edema and prescribed intravitreal bevacizumab and posterior subtenon triamcinolone injections, however, the edema did not improve. As retinopathy associated with hematological disease was thus suspected, we referred the patient to our department of hematology and oncology for further assessment. He was diagnosed with Waldenström macroglobulinemia. After initiation of chemotherapy, the retinal hemorrhage in and macular edema of both eyes decreased. After six chemotherapy cycles, the retinal hemorrhages resolved and the macular edema improved in both eyes. OCTA revealed that the choroidal vessel dilation also improved. @*Conclusions@#In elderly patients presenting with central retinal vein occlusions and macular edema of both eyes, it is important to assess whether the retinopathy is associated with a hyperviscosity syndrome linked to a hematological disease.
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Purpose@#This study aimed to identify the factors influencing suicide attempts among middle school students with suicidal ideation. @*Methods@#Data were from the 2019 Youth Health Risk Behavior Web-based survey collected by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program. @*Results@#Participants were 29,384 middle school students, there were 14.1% of suicide ideation, and 22.2% of them attempted suicide. Among the students with suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts were higher in those who had experiences of alcohol drinking, smoking, substance abuse, and sexual intercourse. @*Conclusion@#Therefore, to prevent suicide accidents among middle school students, there is a need for strategies that would reduce problem behavior such as alcohol drinking, smoking, sexual intercourse, and substance abuse. For middle school students who have already experienced problem behavior, efficient plans should be established for screening, prevention, and treatment of the high-risk groups in suicide attempts.
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Objectives@#This study aims to examine the factors affecting resilience in dental hygiene students. @*Methods@#The participants were 200 dental hygiene students. Data were collected from June 1 to August 30, 2021 and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression by using PASW Statistics 26.0. @*Results@#Subjects’ mean scores of resilience, self-esteem, social support, and emotional intelligence were 2.99, 3.61, 3.78, and 3.25, respectively. There were significant differences in the level of resilience among credit, stress relief methods, subject health status, satisfaction of major, and aptitude for dental hygiene (P<0.05). The resilience showed a significant relationship with selfesteem (r=0.673), social support (r=0.673), and emotional intelligence (r=.804). The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that self-esteem was the highest impact predictor for resilience which explained 57.4% of the total variance (F=68.021, P<0.001). @*Conclusions@#The current findings indicate that self-esteem and social support are related with resilience in dental hygiene students. Therefore, intervention strategies should be developed for improving the resilience of dental hygiene students.
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Background@#The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of dry mouth and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in antidepressant patients. @*Methods@#The study included 103 antidepressant-taking patients. Antidepressants were classified according to their mode of action. The GI disorders were investigated using the medical records of the patients. The Patient Health Questionnaire-15 and a questionnaire for assessing dry mouth symptoms were used in this study. @*Results@#The score for “overall discomfort due to dry mouth in daily life” (31.72±33.82), “dry mouth at night or in the morning” (47.86±35.87), and “dry mouth during the day” (39.83±31.67) were slightly higher than “discomfort in chewing or swallowing foods”. According to somatization severity, the mean values were 116.36±113.34 in the mild, 213.18±136.98 in the moderate, and 277.59±201.44 in the severe, the between-group difference was significant (F=10.294, p<0.001). According to the class of antidepressants, the mean score was 180.00±147.5 for vortioxetine, 194.25±169.33 for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 223.61±156.70 for serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), 75.00±57.00 for norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), 201.67±174.66 for Nassau, and 116.67±132.03 for agomelatine. A total of 67 (65.0%) patients had at least one GI disorder. @*Conclusion@#The study findings are expected to help increase medication compliance in antidepressant patients by better controlling the side effects experienced by the patients.
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Objective@#The aim of this study was to assess the psychosocial characteristics of the employees working at a university hospital and investigated the factors affecting their quality of life (QOL) under COVID-19. @*Methods@#This study enrolled 1,191 healthcare workers from a university hospital, including doctors, nurses, administrative officer and technicians. Besides demographic information, depression, anxiety, somatization, insomnia, resilience, and QOL were assessed. @*Results@#The nurses presented significantly higher scores for anxiety, depression and showed significantly higher insomnia scores and significantly lower resilience scores. The occupations showed significant differences in the QOL and sub-groups, including the overall quality of life and general health (F=4.774, p<0.001), psychological domain (F=6.230, p<0.001), and environment domain (F=5.254, p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the QOL and resilience (r=0.608, p<0.01). However, depression (r=-0.502, p<0.01), anxiety (r=-0.425, p<0.01), somatization (r=-0.364, p<0.01), and insomnia (r=-0.385, p<0.01) showed negative correlations with the QOL. Resilience was the most important factor influencing the QOL. @*Conclusion@#The results of this study showed that low resilience adversely affected the QOL and the mental health of the healthcare workers, which consequently had a direct effect on the quality of medical care given to patients.
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Purpose@#To analyze 10-year trends in utilization of visual field tests for adult glaucoma or glaucoma-suspect patients using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment data. @*Methods@#Health claims for the years 2010 to 2019, as recorded via Korea’s Health Insurance Review and Assessment service, were accessed. We identified glaucoma patients using the glaucoma diagnostic codes H40 (glaucoma) and H42 (glaucoma in other diseases classified elsewhere). For verification of the glaucoma diagnosis, information on any antiglaucoma medication prescriptions and ocular surgery history also was obtained. Visual field testing data was isolated using procedural codes E6690 (kinetic perimetry) and E6691 (standard automated perimetry [SAP]) performed in tertiary hospitals. Any changes in visual field test utilization were identified using regression trend analysis. @*Results@#From 2010 to 2019, the total number of SAP procedures performed in tertiary hospitals for either glaucoma or glaucoma-suspect patients increased gradually from 93,459 to 216,433. With regard to kinetic perimetry examinations, the total number decreased gradually from 6,364 to 3,792. The yearly average SAP number per patient showed a slight increase, from 1.168 to 1.248 (ß = 0.008, R2 = 0.669, p = 0.004). Meanwhile, the yearly average number of kinetic perimeter examinations per patient showed a significant decrease, from 1.093 to 0.940 (ß = -0.013, R2 = 0.580, p = 0.010). @*Conclusions@#Between 2010 and 2019, the yearly average number of SAP procedures performed per glaucoma or glaucoma-suspect patient increased in Korea. Meanwhile, the yearly average number of kinetic perimetry examinations per patient significantly decreased.
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Purpose@#We report a case of keratitis that improved after removal of a causative plant foreign body from below the posterior surface of an opaque cornea. The foreign body was revealed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and gonioscopy.Case summary: A 79-year-old woman was referred with an impression of left-eye keratitis; the eye had been injured by a branch of a tangerine tree 1 month prior. She had been given the usual topical antibiotics by a local clinic, but they were ineffective. At her initial visit, her visual acuity was only hand motion in the left eye; slit-lamp examination revealed a 3 × 3-mm corneal infiltration with a hypopyon in the anterior chamber. Despite administration of strong topical antibiotics on an hourly basis, the corneal lesion worsened. AS-OCT and gonioscopy revealed a small foreign body below the posterior surface of the cornea; this was surgically removed. The corneal opacity and corneal epithelial defects dramatically improved, and the hypopyon disappeared. @*Conclusions@#The possibility of a residual foreign body should be considered if trauma precedes infectious keratitis that does not improve with conventional treatment and the posterior surface of the cornea is not visible because of corneal opacity. In such a case, AS-OCT and gonioscopy can be useful.
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Dynamic changes in adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) with nutritional status play a role in the regulation of metabolic and endocrine functions. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system via β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) contributes to the control of postprandial enhancement of ATBF. Herein, we sought to identify the role of each β-AR subtype in the regulation of ATBF in mice. We monitored the changes in visceral epididymal ATBF (VAT BF), induced by local infusion of dobutamine, salbutamol, and CL316,243 (a selective β1-, β2-, and β3-AR agonist, respectively) into VAT of lean CD-1 mice and global adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) knockout (KO) mice, using laser Doppler flowmetry. Administration of CL316,243, known to promote lipolysis in adipocytes, significantly increased VAT BF of CD-1 mice to a greater extent compared to that of the vehicle, whereas administration of dobutamine or salbutamol did not produce significant differences in VAT BF. The increase in VAT BF induced by β3-AR stimulation disappeared in ATGL KO mice as opposed to their wild-type (WT) littermates, implying a role of ATGL-mediated lipolysis in the regulation of VAT BF. Different vascular reactivities occurred despite no significant differences in vessel density and adiposity between the groups. Additionally, the expression levels of the angiogenesis-related genes were significantly higher in VAT of ATGL KO mice than in that of WT, implicating an association of ATBF responsiveness with angiogenic activity in VAT. Our findings suggest a potential role of β3-AR signaling in the regulation of VAT BF via ATGL-mediated lipolysis in mice.
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Objective@#Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has psychological effects such as anxiety and depression as well as direct infection in people. The Fear of COVID-19 scale is a scale that can measure anxiety related to COVID-19 in a short time. The purpose of this study was to verify the reliability and validity the Korean version of Fear of COVID-19 scale (KF-COVID-19S). @*Methods@#The data of total 186 normal adults and 17 patients were finally used for the statistical analysis. For internal consistency, Cronbach’s α was calculated. For concurrent and discriminant validity, the correlations with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument Brief Form (WHOQOLBREF) were analyzed. For construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. @*Results@#Cronbach alpha was 0.88. The two-factor model (factor 1: Physical fear, factor 2: Emotional fear) showed significantly positive correlations and appeared to be “good” fitness (CFI=0.906, IFI=0.907, NFI=0.902). @*Conclusion@#The KF-COVID-19S can be a useful scale that can measure the physical and emotional fears associated with COVID-19 in a short time. Because the psychiatric patients are a more vulnerable group to the fear, it is thought that the KF-COVID-19S will help to determine the patient’s level of anxiety and make a therapeutic plan for the underlying mental disorder.
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Enuresis is intermittent urinary incontinence during sleep at night in children aged 5 years or older. The main pathophysiology of enuresis involves nocturnal polyuria, abnormal sleep arousal, and low functional bladder capacity. In rare cases, enuresis is an early symptom of endocrine disorders such as diabetes or thyroid disorders. Herein, we report a case of a 12-year-old girl with enuresis as a rare initial presentation of Graves’ disease. She complained of nocturnal enuresis from a month before visiting our clinic. She also complained of urinary frequency, headache, and weight loss. On physical examination, she had tachycardia, intention tremors, and a diffuse goiter on her anterior neck with bruit on auscultation. Her thyroid function test results revealed hyperthyroidism, and Graves’ disease was diagnosed as the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor autoantibody was positive. After treatment for Graves’ disease with methimazole, symptoms of enuresis resolved within 2 weeks as she became clinically and biochemically euthyroid. In children with secondary enuresis, Graves’ disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis, and signs of hyperthyroidism should be checked for carefully.
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Objective@#To assess the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) with post-urodynamic study (post-UDS) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and study its relationship with pre-UDS pyuria. @*Methods@#Patients with SCI who were hospitalized and underwent UDS during a 4-year period were reviewed. Patients with pre-test lower urinary tract symptoms were excluded. Urinalysis and urine culture were performed before and 24 hours after UDS. Prophylactic antibiotics were administered for 5 days starting from the morning of the UDS. UTI was defined as bacteriuria with accompanying symptoms. @*Results@#Of 399 patients reviewed, 209 (52.4%) had pyuria in pre-UDS urinalysis, and 257 (64.4%) had bacteriuria in pre-UDS culture. Post-UDS UTI occurred in 6 (1.5%) individuals who all complained of fever: 5 (2.4%) of the post-UDS UTI cases occurred in patients with pre-UDS pyuria, and 1 (0.5%) in a person without. The differences between groups were not statistically significant (p=0.218). Of 221 patients with bacteriuria (gram-negative isolates) on pre-UDS culture, resistance to ciprofloxacin, cephalosporin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMT) was noted in 52.9% (117 cases), 57.0% (126 cases), and 38.9% (86 cases), respectively. @*Conclusion@#No difference was found in the prevalence of post-UDS UTI based on the presence of pyuria in pre-UDS urinalysis. UDS may be performed even in SCI cases of pre-UDS pyuria without increasing the prevalence of post-UDS UTI if prophylactic antibiotics are administered. TMP/SMT could be used as a first-line antibiotic for the prevention of post-UDS UTI in Korea.
ABSTRACT
Dynamic changes in adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) with nutritional status play a role in the regulation of metabolic and endocrine functions. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system via β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) contributes to the control of postprandial enhancement of ATBF. Herein, we sought to identify the role of each β-AR subtype in the regulation of ATBF in mice. We monitored the changes in visceral epididymal ATBF (VAT BF), induced by local infusion of dobutamine, salbutamol, and CL316,243 (a selective β1-, β2-, and β3-AR agonist, respectively) into VAT of lean CD-1 mice and global adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) knockout (KO) mice, using laser Doppler flowmetry. Administration of CL316,243, known to promote lipolysis in adipocytes, significantly increased VAT BF of CD-1 mice to a greater extent compared to that of the vehicle, whereas administration of dobutamine or salbutamol did not produce significant differences in VAT BF. The increase in VAT BF induced by β3-AR stimulation disappeared in ATGL KO mice as opposed to their wild-type (WT) littermates, implying a role of ATGL-mediated lipolysis in the regulation of VAT BF. Different vascular reactivities occurred despite no significant differences in vessel density and adiposity between the groups. Additionally, the expression levels of the angiogenesis-related genes were significantly higher in VAT of ATGL KO mice than in that of WT, implicating an association of ATBF responsiveness with angiogenic activity in VAT. Our findings suggest a potential role of β3-AR signaling in the regulation of VAT BF via ATGL-mediated lipolysis in mice.
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Objective@#Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has psychological effects such as anxiety and depression as well as direct infection in people. The Fear of COVID-19 scale is a scale that can measure anxiety related to COVID-19 in a short time. The purpose of this study was to verify the reliability and validity the Korean version of Fear of COVID-19 scale (KF-COVID-19S). @*Methods@#The data of total 186 normal adults and 17 patients were finally used for the statistical analysis. For internal consistency, Cronbach’s α was calculated. For concurrent and discriminant validity, the correlations with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument Brief Form (WHOQOLBREF) were analyzed. For construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. @*Results@#Cronbach alpha was 0.88. The two-factor model (factor 1: Physical fear, factor 2: Emotional fear) showed significantly positive correlations and appeared to be “good” fitness (CFI=0.906, IFI=0.907, NFI=0.902). @*Conclusion@#The KF-COVID-19S can be a useful scale that can measure the physical and emotional fears associated with COVID-19 in a short time. Because the psychiatric patients are a more vulnerable group to the fear, it is thought that the KF-COVID-19S will help to determine the patient’s level of anxiety and make a therapeutic plan for the underlying mental disorder.
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This article aims to introduce the inception and operation of the COVID-19 International Collaborative Research Project, the world’s first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) open data project for research, along with its dataset and research method, and to discuss relevant considerations for collaborative research using nationwide real-world data (RWD). COVID-19 has spread across the world since early 2020, becoming a serious global health threat to life, safety, and social and economic activities. However, insufficient RWD from patients was available to help clinicians efficiently diagnose and treat patients with COVID-19, or to provide necessary information to the government for policy-making. Countries that saw a rapid surge of infections had to focus on leveraging medical professionals to treat patients, and the circumstances made it even more difficult to promptly use COVID-19 RWD. Against this backdrop, the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) of Korea decided to open its COVID-19 RWD collected through Korea’s universal health insurance program, under the title of the COVID-19 International Collaborative Research Project. The dataset, consisting of 476 508 claim statements from 234 427 patients (7590 confirmed cases) and 18 691 318 claim statements of the same patients for the previous 3 years, was established and hosted on HIRA’s in-house server. Researchers who applied to participate in the project uploaded analysis code on the platform prepared by HIRA, and HIRA conducted the analysis and provided outcome values. As of November 2020, analyses have been completed for 129 research projects, which have been published or are in the process of being published in prestigious journals.
ABSTRACT
Enuresis is intermittent urinary incontinence during sleep at night in children aged 5 years or older. The main pathophysiology of enuresis involves nocturnal polyuria, abnormal sleep arousal, and low functional bladder capacity. In rare cases, enuresis is an early symptom of endocrine disorders such as diabetes or thyroid disorders. Herein, we report a case of a 12-year-old girl with enuresis as a rare initial presentation of Graves’ disease. She complained of nocturnal enuresis from a month before visiting our clinic. She also complained of urinary frequency, headache, and weight loss. On physical examination, she had tachycardia, intention tremors, and a diffuse goiter on her anterior neck with bruit on auscultation. Her thyroid function test results revealed hyperthyroidism, and Graves’ disease was diagnosed as the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor autoantibody was positive. After treatment for Graves’ disease with methimazole, symptoms of enuresis resolved within 2 weeks as she became clinically and biochemically euthyroid. In children with secondary enuresis, Graves’ disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis, and signs of hyperthyroidism should be checked for carefully.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To assess the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) with post-urodynamic study (post-UDS) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and study its relationship with pre-UDS pyuria. @*Methods@#Patients with SCI who were hospitalized and underwent UDS during a 4-year period were reviewed. Patients with pre-test lower urinary tract symptoms were excluded. Urinalysis and urine culture were performed before and 24 hours after UDS. Prophylactic antibiotics were administered for 5 days starting from the morning of the UDS. UTI was defined as bacteriuria with accompanying symptoms. @*Results@#Of 399 patients reviewed, 209 (52.4%) had pyuria in pre-UDS urinalysis, and 257 (64.4%) had bacteriuria in pre-UDS culture. Post-UDS UTI occurred in 6 (1.5%) individuals who all complained of fever: 5 (2.4%) of the post-UDS UTI cases occurred in patients with pre-UDS pyuria, and 1 (0.5%) in a person without. The differences between groups were not statistically significant (p=0.218). Of 221 patients with bacteriuria (gram-negative isolates) on pre-UDS culture, resistance to ciprofloxacin, cephalosporin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMT) was noted in 52.9% (117 cases), 57.0% (126 cases), and 38.9% (86 cases), respectively. @*Conclusion@#No difference was found in the prevalence of post-UDS UTI based on the presence of pyuria in pre-UDS urinalysis. UDS may be performed even in SCI cases of pre-UDS pyuria without increasing the prevalence of post-UDS UTI if prophylactic antibiotics are administered. TMP/SMT could be used as a first-line antibiotic for the prevention of post-UDS UTI in Korea.